Cybersecurity: Essential Eight vs ISO27001

Two of the most prominent cybersecurity frameworks in Australia are ISO27001 and the Essential Eight framework. What are the differences? And are there advantages and disadvantages with both? In this article, we’ll delve into the key aspects of each framework to help senior leaders and directors make informed decisions about their cybersecurity strategy.

The Essential Eight (E8) framework, developed by the Australian Signals Directorate (ASD), is a popular choice among businesses looking for a structured approach to cybersecurity. It comprises eight essential mitigation strategies that aim to effectively counter a wide range of cyber threats. These strategies include measures such as application whitelisting, patching applications, configuring Microsoft Office macro settings, user application hardening, restricting administrative privileges, patching operating systems, multi-factor authentication, and daily backups. 

Advantages of the Essential Eight Framework

1. Holistic Approach: The E8 provides a comprehensive view of cybersecurity by focusing on key mitigation strategies.
2. Direction Setting: Its maturity matrix enables businesses to assess their current cybersecurity maturity, prioritise efforts, and allocate resources effectively.
3. Risk Reduction and Resilience: By adopting E8 strategies, organisations can minimise vulnerabilities, detect incidents, and enhance overall cyber resilience.

Limitations of the Essential Eight Framework

1. Limited Scope: While effective for basic cybersecurity needs, the E8 may not cover all threats or align with specific business requirements beyond Microsoft environments. Maturity ratings may also be influenced by the type of Microsoft licensing procured. Additionally, E8 is narrowly focused on technical priorities and does not include cybersecurity policy settings or business process review.
2. Resource Intensive: Implementation can be complex and costly, particularly for smaller organisations lacking technical expertise.
3. One Size Doesn’t Fit All: The standardised approach may not cater to the diverse needs and risk profiles of every business.

ISO27001 is an internationally recognised Information Security Management System (ISMS) standard that offers a comprehensive framework for managing and protecting sensitive information. It focuses on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA) of information assets, providing a structured approach to risk management and security controls.

Advantages of ISO27001

1. Increased Stakeholder Confidence: Certification demonstrates a commitment to strong information security practices, enhancing trust among stakeholders.
2. Improved Internal Processes: Establishing an ISMS leads to better understanding of and practical application of processes, risk assessment, and operational efficiencies.
3. Continuous Improvement: ISO27001 promotes a culture of continuous improvement in cybersecurity controls, adapting to evolving threats.

Challenges of ISO27001

1. Complex Implementation: The process can be intricate, requiring dedicated resources and expertise.
2. High Cost: Implementation and maintenance costs, including training and audits, can be significant.
3. Limited Focus on Emerging Threats: ISO27001 is a risk management framework focused on cybersecurity. The standard may not always address rapidly evolving cybersecurity landscapes.

For senior leaders and board directors, the choice between ISO27001 and the Essential Eight framework depends on several factors:

• Risk Appetite: ISO27001 offers a robust, comprehensive approach suitable for organisations with a low-risk tolerance and significant resources.
• Resource Constraints: Smaller organisations may find the Essential Eight more manageable initially, with potential to evolve into ISO27001 as resources grow. Additionally, online ISO27001 providers are emerging which are lowering implementation costs and organisation distraction.
• Fit for a turbulent technology landscape: with the implementation of the Cyber Security Strategy 2023 – 2030; the tightening of privacy regulations in the aftermath of the Optus and Medibank breaches and with a risk-based approach to AI regulation likely in the next twelve months, businesses may opt to implement their own risk-based management system to mitigate cybersecurity, privacy and AI threats. ISO27001 is a recognised risk management system that delivers a standardised approach to managing cybersecurity and privacy.
• Industry Compliance: ISO27001 certification may be necessary for regulatory compliance and/or government procurement.
• Long-term Strategy: Consider the scalability and adaptability of each framework to meet future cybersecurity challenges.

Both ISO27001 and the Essential Eight framework offer valuable tools for enhancing the cybersecurity posture of an organisation. Senior leaders and board directors should carefully assess their organisation’s needs, resources, and long-term goals to determine the most suitable framework for effective cyber risk management and resilience.

We often assist boards and senior leaders to make informed decisions based on their organisation’s specific needs and priorities. If you have questions about cybersecurity, risk mitigation and data and information management, please do get in touch.